Unconsciousness (diabetic coma)
arising due to large fluctuations in glucose occurs in a diabetic patient when there is a large fluctuation in blood glucose (sugar), the patient faints. Low blood sugar is known as hypoglycemia. When the condition of increased blood glucose is known as "Hyperglycemia". In common usage, "hypoglycemia" is said to be "low (low) sugar". High blood sugar levels in childhood (insulin-dependent) diabetes can lead to a serious condition called diabetic ketoacidosis. In adult-onset (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, high blood sugar can lead to a serious condition known as 'hyperosmolar coma'. It is essential for every diabetic patient to understand in detail these serious diseases caused by large fluctuations in glucose.
Hypoglycemia (Decreased blood sugar/glucose):
In diabetic patients, blood sugar may decrease due to the following reasons:-
- (1) due to increased dose of externally given insulin/drug;
- (2) Not taking food in time after taking medicine;
- (3) Excessive exercise/exertion.
As the amount of glucose decreases, the nutrition of the body cells also decreases. Human brain cells can only use glucose or diton bodies for nutrition. When the blood glucose drops suddenly, the brain cells function is directly affected. If the production of glucose in the liver does not start immediately, the brain cells stop working, which leads to a state of unconsciousness (coma). If the brain gets less glucose, in the early stages, dizziness, headache, empty head, blurred vision, darkness, impaired thinking ability, loss of ability to do fine work, confusion in the brain, abnormal behavior, convulsions occur. and finally unconsciousness occurs. Along with these symptoms (due to the internal effort to increase glucose in the blood) there is sweating, watery hands and feet, tremors, increased heart rate, anxiety and hunger pangs.
People taking insulin and long-acting glucose-lowering drugs are most at risk for this sudden drop in glucose. If such a problem occurs and the patient becomes unconscious, every patient should provide his/her name-address, phone number; Doctor's Name - Address, Phone Number; And 'I have diabetes. If I am behaving strangely or am unconscious, take me to a doctor immediately, please keep a card with you at all times. If the problem of hypoglycemia is detected in the early stages, the patient can treat it himself. It is necessary to drink sugared milk or other liquid as soon as dizziness or sweating starts. As soon as the sugar goes into the body, these problems will reduce. Along with this, some solid food/snack should also be taken so that after some time the discomfort does not come back. If the patient has fainted, instead of trying to give anything orally, the patient should be immediately taken to the hospital where intravenous glucose injections/bottles can be used to save the patient's life.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis:
This type of complication usually occurs in insulin-dependent diabetes that starts from childhood. This problem occurs when the amount of insulin in the body decreases and the amount of another endocrine called glucagon increases. Ketoacidosis usually starts suddenly due to infection, surgery or mental stress. Many patients develop diabetic ketoacidosis even when they suddenly stop taking insulin injections of their own accord. In ketoacidosis, the amount of glucose and ketone bodies in the patient's body increases greatly, due to which vomiting - nausea, restlessness, loss of appetite, frequent urination, excessive thirst, dry mouth and throat, rapid breathing etc.
The patient becomes unconscious. In the blood-urine examination of the patient, glucose is found to be increased and the presence of 'acetone' is found. In this condition, the patient is admitted and immediately given saline bottles and insulin injections. Diabetic ketoacidosis causes stomach upset in addition to fainting. Vomiting, flatulence, constipation, bleeding in vomit etc. problems are seen in some patients. of the heart Irregular movements, decreased heart pumping, and the possibility of heart failure or heart attack are also increased during ketoacidosis. Taking care of taking regular insulin injections and consulting a doctor immediately in case of physical-mental stress can prevent this complication from happening.
Hyper-Osmolar Coma:-
When the amount of glucose in the blood increases too much in adult diabetes, the problem of "Hyper-Osmolar Coma" occurs. Blood glucose level is 500-700 mg.d.l. When it exceeds more than that, a large amount of glucose and water is excreted in the urine. As a result, the amount of water inside the body decreases; The patient's lips - mouth - throat begin to dry; The body starts getting cold; B.P. begin to decrease; The circulation of blood inside the veins slows down and sometimes the process of blood clotting starts inside the vein itself.
Loss of fluid from the brain causes mental retardation, confusion and sometimes seizures. If proper treatment is not given immediately, the patient becomes unconscious. Once the patient becomes unconscious, the chance of survival is less than fifty percent. Such a patient has to be admitted to the hospital immediately and given saline bottles quickly. If there is any kind of bacterial infection in the body, it has to be treated with the help of appropriate antibiotics. Thus, large fluctuations in glucose in diabetic patients can lead to unconsciousness in many patients. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to have a regular medical examination. Apart from this, utmost care should be taken to take medicines/injections regularly. One should remember to take food on time after taking medicine or injection. People who forget to eat or fast after taking glucose-lowering drugs/injections deliberately take upadhi wori.
If the sugar drops in the body, dizziness, lightheadedness, sweating, hands and feet become watery, tremors, heart rate increases, eyes become dark, confusion occurs in the brain, spasms and finally unconsciousness.
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