Treatment of diabetes 
Diet is the first step in the treatment of diabetes. Exercising and losing weight is another important thing for diabetics. If diabetes is not controlled by these simple and drug-free remedies, then drugs and injections have to be taken. Here diet, exercise, medicines and insulin injections for diabetic patients are discussed in detail simultaneously.
What should a diabetic patient avoid in food?
Dietary restriction in adult-onset diabetes has been debated among scientists for many years, and dietary advice continues to change as new discoveries are made. In the days before the discovery of insulin (centuries old), since sugar was lost in the urine of a diabetic patient, more sugar was fed to such a patient in order to maintain the amount in the body! Times changed after this. One discovery after another changed our understanding of diabetes and food. The dietary advice given to a diabetic patient was quite different twenty years ago, so a patient who developed diabetes twenty five or thirty years ago may have heard a lot of different and changing dietary advice. Even today, no universally accepted diet has been discovered. The diet written here also discusses the diet with the full possibility that it may change in a few years. First of all, let's discuss about the need of dieting.
Everyone knows that the amount of glucose in the blood increases in the disease of diabetes. When the food is digested, the glucose in it is very large Goes from intestine to blood. As soon as the amount of glucose in the body of a normal healthy person increases, the endocrine system called insulin is released to transport the glucose from the blood into the different cells.
The more the glucose increases, the more insulin is released in the body of a healthy person and the amount of glucose remains controlled. But in a diabetic patient, either insulin is not produced as much as required or the insulin produced cannot have the required effects. Due to this, whenever a diabetic patient takes any food, there is a possibility that the amount of glucose in his body will increase a lot. After the blood glucose level increases to a certain extent (a dangerous level), this glucose starts to cause harm instead of benefit. And the longer the glucose levels remain above the dangerous level, the greater the damage.
Most foods are made up of three main components:-
(1) Carbohydrates
(2) Fats
(3) Proteins.
The diet of food has to be determined by maintaining the exact proportion of each of these components. According to the American Diabetes Association, a diabetic should get about 60 percent of his calories from carbohydrates, less than 30 percent of his calories from fat, and 10 percent of his calories from protein. This food should contain about 40 grams of fiber (sa) and 300 mg. Cholesterol should be less than Of the 30 percent fat, 6 to 8 percent should be poly-unsaturated, less than 10 percent saturated, and the rest mono-unsaturated. Since the American diet is very different from our Indian diet, an Indian diabetic patient should have only 15-20 percent of total calories from fat and the remaining calories from carbohydrates and proteins.
Fat:
The most important dietary restriction in diabetic patients is to reduce the amount of fat in the diet. The lower the amount of fat in the food, the better. An increase of just 40 grams in daily fat intake increases the risk of diabetes by 600 percent. Fat that circulates in the blood and accumulates around the abdomen reduces the effectiveness of insulin. Among all the fats, saturated fats are generally considered to be harmful, causing heart disease and BP. Increasing mono-unsaturated fat while reducing saturated fat is of particular benefit in diabetic patients. Use mustard or sesame oil to reduce saturated fat and increase mono-unsaturated fat in the diet. should Meat and ghee, fried, butter, cream etc. should be stopped. Almonds, walnuts etc are very high in mono-unsaturated fats. It can be used sparingly. Of course, the amount of total fat should be kept less than 15-20 percent of total calories. In short, a person consumes 15 to 20 grams (three to four tablespoons) of oil/butter throughout the day. Malai should be eaten.
Carbohydrate:
For our purpose we call the component which releases glucose or other sugars similar to it by digestion. Almost all our food items like roti, dal, rice, vegetables, fruits, pulses etc. release glucose from them. All these things contain carbohydrates. These carbohydrates are of two types. Simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates. Simple or refined carbohydrates include glucose, sugar (sucrose), honey, jaggery, pepper, jam, jelly, etc. Whereas complex carbohydrates include starch (found in grains/legumes etc.), cellulose/pectin (fibers) etc.
Diabetic patients should consume carbohydrate foods that do not cause a sudden rise in blood glucose levels. For this, sugar or glucose (simple carbohydrates) should not be taken in excess. If sugar or glucose is taken in small amounts (five percent of total carbohydrates) along with other food, then there is no problem. In short, don't drink sweets, sherbet, tea with sugar etc. alone, but take it sometimes with meals when you feel like it. Taking sweets in this way does not make any difference in the control of diabetes. Consuming carbohydrates along with fiber-rich foods also prevents blood glucose levels from rising suddenly. Another interesting fact from recent studies is that all carbohydrates affect blood glucose levels differently after eating. A measure called the glycemic index has come into use to measure how much each food raises blood glucose.
Foods that have a high glycemic index can be considered more harmful for a diabetic patient. The glycemic index of maize poua, potato, honey etc. is 80 to 90 percent, while the glycemic index of soybean, fructose etc. is around 20 percent. The accompanying table gives the glycemic index of different foods. This table is placed only as an example to create an understanding which shows that a Foods containing equal amounts of carbohydrates raise blood glucose to varying degrees. This glycemic index changes according to the patient and circumstances and the patient can know about the glycemic index of his food if he keeps measuring the blood glucose after taking food with the help of a glucometer at home. The accompanying table shows the glycemic index of different foods.
Remember:
(1) A substance with a lower glycemic index is more desirable for a diabetic patient.
(2) Often the glycemic index changes according to the constitution of the patient and the presence of other food substances.
(3) This index is only sufficient for general information and further research is pending. So it cannot be said with certainty which food to eat and which not to eat.
(4) The patient himself can study which food he likes best with the help of a glucometer.
Glycemic index of different foods
Protein:
Protein in the Indian vegetarian diet comes mainly from milk, grains and pulses. In general, every healthy man should consume 55 grams and women 45 grams (approximately one gram per 2 kilograms of body weight) of protein in food. Both a diabetic patient and a healthy person should have this much protein in their daily diet. If the kidney of the patient is damaged due to diabetes, then the amount of protein should be reduced even more. Approximately 0.85 grams of protein per 2 kilograms of body weight should be taken by kidney patients.
Fibre:
Energy-giving substances – just as essential as carbohydrates, fats and proteins are non-energy-giving dietary fibres. Recent studies have shown that if the amount of fiber in the diet is sufficient, the amount of glucose in the body of a diabetic patient increases slowly and in a small amount. Soluble fibers like pectin, gum and some hemicelluloses are very useful for this, while insoluble fibers like cellulose, lignin are not helpful in reducing diabetes. Of course, insoluble fiber can help prevent diseases like obesity and cancer. Consuming this fiber as part of a diet (eg as whole grains, legumes, fruits, vegetables, etc.) is beneficial. There is no need to use ready-made fiber packets in the market as medicine.
Fiber in different foods (Weight in grams of fiber in 100 grams of food)
Diets that diabetic patients need to pay special attention to food
Diabetics often mislead themselves by following wrong diets, giving them the illusion that they are taking good care of their health. It is seen in many cases that the thing which should not be stopped from food is stopped out of ignorance and the thing which is very necessary to be stopped is continued to be eaten uninterruptedly. Many people who develop diabetes later in life (adulthood) are either overweight or have fat deposits around their abdomen. are frozen. Excess fat is a major contributor to diabetes, so the most important diet to control diabetes is to reduce total calories in the diet.
By not starving, but by having a permanent habit of choosing low-fat and low-calorie foods, a diabetic patient can easily control it without doing any complicated diet. If a healthy person is already aware of his health and diet, the chances of him getting diabetes are very less. The dieting issues mentioned here are actually issues of healthy eating habits rather than dieting. It should be implemented by every healthy person. Strict implementation of these healthy food habits is necessary for diabetic patients.
Key points regarding diabetes diet are discussed here.
(1) Eat a variety of food:-
Instead of eating the same type of food every day, eat a variety of food. Instead of the same type of grains - pulses - vegetables or fruits, choose different types of grains - pulses - vegetables or fruits every day so that different tastes can be enjoyed and the deficiency in one type of food is compensated by another food. If you get more potassium in any fruit, you will get more vitamins from others.
(2) Eat as much as you use:-
Take food containing as much energy (calories) as you can use for various activities and exercises throughout the day. Eating more energy-dense foods daily than you can use will cause you to lose weight which is dangerous for your health. Overweight diabetic patients should plan their diet in such a way that they get about 500 kg of calories less than the energy consumed through daily activities and exercise so that they lose weight gradually. If you lose half or one kg of weight every month and lose five kg of weight in a year and maintain the lost weight, it is easy to control diabetes. There is no need to starve to reduce the energy (cal2i) from food. But need to choose low calorie food. Ghee - oil - butter - meat etc. are high fat and high calorie foods. While ambar, bhaji, fruits etc. are relatively low calorie and low fat foods. Increase vegetables, salad, fruits in food and stop eating fried, farsan, ghee sweets, biscuits, meat etc.
(3) Prefer more fiber rich food:-
Dietary fiber should be sufficient in the diet of every healthy person. Diabetic patients should make sure that there is enough fiber in their diet. Fiber prevents sudden spikes in blood sugar. It also prevents cholesterol from increasing. Whole grains and legumes are high in fiber. Small grained grains (eg barley, kodari, samo, nagli) etc. contain more fiber. Therefore, instead of large grain grains like wheat-rice etc., give first preference to small grain grains. Similarly, opt for hand-made rice instead of milled polished rice and wheat flour instead of semolina. If possible, replace pulses with pulses and peeled fruits, then make a habit of eating all fruits unpeeled. There are relatively few fibers in the roots. Prefer bhaji instead.
(4) Eat less cholesterol and less saturated fat:-
Cholesterol and fat are more or less responsible for most of the long-term complications in diabetic patients. Cholesterol comes from milk and non-vegetarian foods while vegetable oils contain saturated fats from which cholesterol is formed. Fats circulating in the blood damage the blood vessels of diabetic patients, causing them to narrow and harden, which eventually leads to heart disease or leg gangrene. Stopping the consumption of meat and ghee-butter is beneficial for a diabetic patient. Apart from this, oil consumption should be limited to vegetables and pulses and stop the consumption of fried and salty foods (bakhri-thelpan, poori, paratha etc.). All biscuits contain hydrogenated vegetable ghee, which is highly dangerous for arteries and should be completely avoided.
(5) Eat food that is not too high in sugar-jaggery:
Sugar-jaggery should not be completely stopped by a diabetic patient, but its quantity should not exceed four teaspoons (twenty grams) a day. A person also needs to keep. Too much sweetness provides only energy (calories) without vitamins and fiber. Which is dangerous for long term health. If sugar-jaggery is to be 'added' to the food, the amount of other carbohydrates (starch etc.) should be reduced so that the total calories do not increase.
(6) Reduce the consumption of salt-soda-papad:-
Diabetes and high blood pressure disease are linked to each other. One is another disease The possibility of happening increases a lot. If high blood pressure is applied to a diabetic patient, the possibility of kidney and heart damage increases greatly. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary for every diabetic patient to reduce the consumption of things containing sodium such as salt, soda, papad etc. A total of six grams of salt in daily food is enough, more than that, salt causes great damage. A pinch (comprised of two fingers and a thumb) contains about two grams of salt, so it is desirable not to use more than three pinches of salt per person. It is also important to limit the consumption of soda containing dishes and farsan (eg nagtia, fafda, papdi etc.).
(7) Stay away from addictions : :-
Tobacco-alcohol addiction harms a healthy person as well as diabetic patients. It is very important for diabetic patients to stay away from such addiction completely. In short, a diabetic patient should strictly eat healthy food to stay healthy. A healthy diet for a diabetic is almost the same as for another healthy person, the only difference is that a diabetic needs to follow a healthy diet more strictly and if overweight needs to reduce the total intake of fat and calories to lose weight.
